The VFR chart

The VFR chart shows airspace, obstacles, and landmarks. Reading it is the foundation of visual navigation.

Key points

Scale and projection
Airspace and obstacle symbols
Landmarks
Measuring heading and distance

Topics in this subject

Dead reckoning

Dead reckoning determines position from heading, speed, and time, accounting for wind. It is the basic method of conducting a VFR flight.

Practise questions on this topic in the Pilot Test Zone app.