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Navigation

Navigation covers planning and flying a planned route — from the aeronautical chart, through dead reckoning, to radio aids. It is a skill that ties theory to practice.

Topics

Dead reckoning

Dead reckoning determines position from heading, speed, and time, accounting for wind. It is the basic method of conducting a VFR flight.

The VFR chart

The VFR chart shows airspace, obstacles, and landmarks. Reading it is the foundation of visual navigation.

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Related reading

  • The PPL(A) theory exam in Poland — how it works and where to sit it
  • How to build a study plan for the PPL(A) exam
  • The 9 PPL(A) exam subjects — what you need to know

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Other subjects

Air Law · Human Performance & Limitations · Meteorology · Communications · Principles of Flight · Operational Procedures · Flight Performance & Planning · Aircraft General Knowledge

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